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The Discovery of a Roman Gladiator School Brings the Famed Fighters Back to Life. History. Wolfgang Neubauer stands in the grassy clearing and watches a drone soar low over distant stands of birch and white poplar, the leaves still speckled with overnight rain. Vast fields of wheat roll away north and south under a huge dome of sky.

I’m interested in what lies hidden beneath this landscape,” says the Austrian archaeologist. I hunt for structures now invisible to the human eye.”On the edge of the meadow, two boys stand a long way apart, arms clenched by their sides, punting a soccer ball very slowly and carefully from one to the other. Neubauer studies them keenly. A professor at the Vienna Institute for Archaeological Science, he’s an authority on the first games played on this ersatz pitch, a blood sport popular a couple of millennia ago. You see a field,” he tells a visitor from the United States.

I see a gladiator school.”Way back in A. D. 6, during the expansion of the Roman Empire along the Danube and into present- day Germany, the future emperor Tiberius reached this spot and established a winter encampment. Watch The Other Guys Online Mic there.

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Carnuntum, as the camp would be called, flourished under the protection of the legions and became a center of the amber trade. The army and townspeople lived apart, but in symbiotic amity. In the civilian city, large public buildings like temples, a forum and thermal baths were built,” says Neubauer. The town had paved roads and an extensive sewage system.”During its second- century prime, Carnuntum was a key Roman capital of a province that spanned the landmass of what is now Austria and much of the Balkans. The frontier town boasted a burgeoning population and a gladiator school whose size and scale was said to rival the Ludus Magnus, the great training center immediately to the east of the Colosseum in Rome. Toward the end of the glory days of the Roman realm, the emperor Marcus Aurelius held sway from Carnuntum and made war on Germanic tribes known as the Marcomanni. There, too, his 1.

Commodus, likely first witnessed the gladiatorial contests that would become his ruling passion. After a series of barbarian invasions, Carnuntum was completely abandoned early in the fifth century A.

D. Eventually, the buildings collapsed, too, and merged into the landscape. Though archaeologists have been digging and theorizing at the 1,6. Diana, the foundations of two amphitheaters (one capable of holding 1. Heidentor (Heathens’ Gate) that looms in battered splendor at the edge of town. This article is a selection from the July/August issue of Smithsonian magazine. Buy. Stretching for nearly three miles between the modern- day villages of Petronell- Carnuntum and Bad Deutsch- Altenburg, Carnuntum is one of the largest preserved archaeological parks of its kind in Europe. For the last two decades Neubauer has quarterbacked a series of excavations at the site with noninvasive techniques.

Using remote- sensing and ground- penetrating radar (GPR) to peer through layers of earth, the researchers have located and identified the forum; the garrison of the governor’s guard; an extensive network of shops and meeting halls; and, in 2. Rome and Pompeii.“Never before had archaeologists made such important discoveries without excavation,” says Neubauer, who is also director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (LBI Arch. Pro). His work is the subject of a new Smithsonian Channel documentary, Lost City of Gladiators.

With the aid of three- dimensional computer modeling, his team has reimagined what the ludus looked like. The subterranean surveys and a limited traditional dig, Neubauer says, have revealed a transfixing, mysterious underworld— the ludus is teeming with unseen buildings, graves, armaments and other relics. Our understanding of the schools has been totally reshaped,” he says. Until now, we knew very little about them because we never looked inside.”The discoveries—slow, careful, uncinematic—are not the stuff Hollywood movies are made of. Digital archaeology isn’t drama, but a gradual accretion of detail.

By systematically mapping the terrain, Neubauer’s researchers have provided a more detailed and vivid picture of the lives (and deaths) of the gladiators than was ever before available—and deepened our understanding of the terrifying power of Imperial Rome.**********Neubauer is 5. A rumpled figure with hair parted down the middle and eyebrows like small hedges, he’s a pioneer in remote sensing and geophysical prospection—noninvasive techniques that make it possible to identify structures and anomalies underground without disturbing a site. Most of the Middle European archaeological heritage is under a massive threat of destruction,” he says. That threat has been dramatically accelerated by intensive farming and industrial transformation of landscapes.”One of the challenges of traditional excavation is that archaeologists can focus only on isolated sections and that once they start poking around, the site is demolished and the possibility of further study eliminated. Even when excavation is conducted with care, it’s still destruction,” says Neubauer. The geophysical prospection we use at LBI Arch.

Pro covers large expanses and leaves what is buried intact.”Neubauer grew up at a time when an archaeologist’s toolkit consisted of a spade, a shovel and a toothbrush. No, I never used a divining rod,” he says.) He was born in the Swiss market town of Altstätten, near the border of Austria. Hiking in the Rhine Valley piqued young Wolfgang’s interest in Bronze Age peoples and their cultures. At the precocious age of 1. Wolfgang drew early inspiration from the village of Hallstatt, a ribbon of land squeezed between a lake and mountains, where, in 1. Man in the Salt—a preserved body—was found.

Hallstatt was one of the earliest European settlements,” he says. Its salt mine has been continuously worked since 1. B. C.”Because space is at a premium in Hallstatt, for centuries the crammed cemetery gained new ground by burying and then exhuming bodies. The graves were reused, says Neubauer, and disinterred skulls cleaned and exposed to the sun until they were bleached white. Then they were arranged in a Beinhaus, or bone house,” he reports.

Inside that little ossuary—piled with the neatly stacked remains of generations of Hallstatters—are more than 1,2. Neubauer delights in the motifs that adorn them: roses, oak and laurel leaves, trailing ivy and sometimes snakes. His unusual mixture of meticulous organization and free- ranging imagination proved invaluable at the University of Vienna and the Vienna University of Technology, where he dabbled in archaeology, archaeo­metry, mathematics and computer science. By age 2. 1, Neubauer was developing his own prospection methods in Hallstatt. He spent a year and a half excavating the tunnels in the salt mine. Over the last three decades Neubauer has been field director of more than 2.

LBI Arch. Pro was launched in 2. Europe. At Stonehenge, the most comprehensive underground analysis yet undertaken of the Neolithic site found evidence of 1. Smithsonian, September 2. Stonehenge is more or less at the bottom of a really big national arena,” Neubauer says.

Along the horizon, dozens of burial mounds look down at the stones.”He got involved with Carnuntum in the late 1. University of Vienna’s Institute for Archaeological Science.

The park is unique in that, unlike almost every other Roman site, it’s mainly countryside that has never been built over,” he says. Indeed, by the 1. Carnuntum was called “Pompeii at the gates of Vienna.” Despite subsequent looting by treasure hunters and deep plowing for vineyards, Neubauer says, the land is “ideal for exploration.”Aerial photography identified intriguing forms in a field outside the ancient civilian town, west of the municipal amphitheater that had been built in the first half of the second century and excavated from 1. Anomalies in the field (soil, vegetation) suggested structures below.